Glossary

**(T) Action potential** A signal that travels down an axon is an electrical impulse

**(K) Active immunity** Body shows sign of immune system reacting to pathogens invasion

**(K) Antibodies** Proteins made by B cells that destroys or inactivates pathogens

**(S) Antigens** Things that produce protein on the outer side of cells and viruses which helps the immune system to recognize the “new and weird” cells or viruses (Nowicki 951) [Sammy].

**(J) Autonomic nervous system** The division of the PNS that controls automatic functions that you do not have to think about

**(T) Axon** Long extension down which electrical impulses travel

**(K) B cells** A lymphocyte that kills pathogens

**(S) Cellular immunity** When the T cells react to the “new and weird” cells or viruses (Nowicki 952) [Sammy].

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(T) Central nervous system (CNS)** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">Include the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(J) Cerebellum** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">The part of the brain that coordinates your movements

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(J) Cerebrum** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">The part of the brain that interprets signals from your bodyand forms responses such as hunger thirst, emotions, motion, and pain

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(T) Dendrite** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">Tthe short, branching structures that receive signals

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(T) Endocrine system** <span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">organ system of glands, each of which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(S) Feedback** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">The information from the receptors which get the information about the inside and outside conditions of your body that was received by the control system to help it compare the information to the standard point and remain homeostasis (Nowicki 859) [Sammy].

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(J) Glands** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">Where hormones are made; found in many different areas of the body

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(S) Homeostasis** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">The range of stable condition of your internal environment such as temperature and salt levels to support your life (Nowicki 858) [Sammy].

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(J) Hormones** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">The chemical signals made by the endocrine system

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(S) Humoral immunity** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">How the immune system reacts to the new cells or viruses by making the B cells to produce antibodies (Nowicki 953) [Sammy].

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(J) Hypothalamus** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">Small area of the middle of the brain

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(K) Immune system** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">A system in your body that fights of bacteria, viruses, infections (pathogen) and preventing you from getting a disease that will make you sick or ill

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(K) Inflammation** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">A nonspecific response of immune system to a pathogen: swelling, redness, pain, itching, increased warmth around the site

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(K) Interferons** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">Made by body cells that has already been infected with a virus: prevent other cells from getting the virus by giving off an enzyme to stimulate

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(S) Memory cells** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">The T and B cells which send out the information to help your body fight back the “new and weird” cells or viruses because memory cells already memorized the antigen of pathogen when that pathogen previously came to your body (Nowicki 951) [Sammy].

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(S) Negative feedback** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">A control system which neutralizes the changes in your body. It tries to make the body conditions come close to the standard point. It moves the conditions above or below the standard point (Nowicki 860 [Sammy]).

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**<range type="comment" id="833256">(S) Nervous system** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> This is formed by many connected “cells, tissues, and other organs” together control the body’s activities such as thinking and moving (Nowicki 874) [Sammy]. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(T) Neuron** <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-decoration: none;">An electrically excitable cell that processes and trasmits information by electrical and chemical signaling

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(T) Neurotransmitter** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">The chemicals that are released into the space

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(K) Passive immunity** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">When body has no response in relation to an immune response

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(K) Pathogen** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">Any foreign substance, usually something that would cause a disease when entering your body

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(T) Peripheral nervous system (PNS)** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">Includes four system of nerves

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(K) Phagocytes** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">A type of White blood cells that swallowed pathogen to destroy them

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(J) Pituitary gland** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">A gland in the middle of the brain; makes and releases hormones that control cell growth as well as osmoregulatory hormones

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(S) Positive feedback** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">A control system which receives the censor’s information to make the condition far away from the standard point (Nowicki 861) [Sammy].

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(J) Reflex arc** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">Nerve pathways that need to cross only two synapses before producing a response

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(J) Releasing hormone** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">Hormones that stimulate other glands to release their hormones

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**Somatic Nervous System** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">The division of the PNS that regulates all of the movements over which you have voluntary control

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(S) Stimulus** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">Something that makes something to react back (Nowicki 874) [Sammy].

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(T) Synapse** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">The chemicals that are released into the space

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(K) T cells** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">A lymphocyte that kills others cells that have already been infected by pathogen

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">**(T) Terminal** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">When the action potential reaches the end of the axon

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">*<range type="comment" id="967090">(K) - Kelly <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">*(S) - Sammy <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;">*(J) - Jun <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">*(T) - Tommy

**<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">Works Cited (Sammy) **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Nowicki, Stephen. //McDougal Littell//. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2008. Print. **